氯离子对混凝土结构的侵蚀作用及预防措施

分析了导致混凝土结构性能劣化的最普遍、最严重的原因是氯化物侵蚀引起的锈蚀，探讨了氯离子的来源、氯离子侵入混凝土的方式和氯离子引起钢筋锈蚀的机理，提出了相应的预防措施。     

粉煤灰在海工混凝土中的应用研究

通过系统研究优质粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透、硫酸盐侵蚀、干燥收缩等性能的影响，根据Fick第二定律，在海工工程中使用适量粉煤灰可以明显改善混凝土的耐久性寿命。     

掺含氯碱渣的抹灰砂浆致混凝土内钢筋锈蚀的原因分析

南方某建筑工程中将一种化工厂排放的含氯离子的白色碱渣误作石灰用于抹灰砂浆中，导致混凝土中钢筋快速锈蚀，造成严重后果。通过现场调查与取祥，分析了混凝土中氯离子含量及其分布情况，并通过压蒸养护、干湿交替养护和蒸汽养护等快速实验及浸渍等试验手段，试验研究了该碱渣导致钢筋锈蚀的作用及程度，为确认钢筋发生锈蚀的原因和了解该碱渣对钢筋的危害性提供了直接证据。     

C55F300水工高性能混凝土在青岛港油码头工程中的配制及应用

水工高性能混凝土是一项系统工程.不仅包括配制技术和检测技术,还包括良好的生产、浇捣和养护技术.从实际工程出发,着重论述怎样通过理论实践和试配实践来确定C55F300水工高性能混凝土的原材料和配合比,以及怎样进行现场施工时的质量控制.     

不同氯盐环境下水泥混凝土结构氯离子侵蚀研究

对处于海洋氯盐环境和城市除冰盐环境中的不同混凝土构筑物取样分析，得出了相应的氯离子分布规律。在分析近海地区水泥混凝土路面和城市桥梁混凝土结构的氯离子侵蚀的测定结果的基础上，总结出了环境因素造成的氯盐侵蚀特点，比较了两者之间的差异，并给出了有针对性的改进建议。     

微絮凝直接过滤工艺处理低浊度原水试验研究

采用微絮凝直接过滤对低浊度原水进行试验研究，试验结果表明：当原水浊度小于20NTU时，采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）作为絮凝剂，控制投药量为3～5mg／L，絮凝时间3～5min，可保证出水浊度小于0．5NTU，符合国家饮用水卫生标准．     

某热镀锌车间腐蚀后鉴定分析与加固措施

通过对于某腐蚀环境下钢筋混凝土工业厂房的现场测试和构件受力性能的分析研究对构件的安全性能作出了合理的评价,提出了保证正常施工情况下结构的维修加固方案。     

钢筋混凝土的防水处理

介绍了混凝土防水处理技术的发展状况。论述了防水处理对侵蚀环境中的钢筋、预应力钢筋混凝土结构的保护作用。以及防水处理在混凝土表面形成氯离子隔离层的情况。防水剂的渗透深度和硅烷含量是防水处理的两个重要参数，渗透深度与接触时间有关，延长混凝土与防水剂的接触时间或采用新型的乳液、凝胶等防水剂，都能使渗透深度达到10mm以上。防水处理后的混凝土吸水系数不到原来的十分之一。为了检测混凝土防水处理效果，将处理与未处理的混凝土浸入海水之中28天，之后测量混凝土中氯离子含量分布，防水处理建立的氯离子隔离层具有优越的抵抗氯离子渗透性。     

水泥石氯离子扩散系数预测的有限元方法

提出了水泥石氯离子扩散系数预测的二维数值方法。首先，根据混凝土的试验结果给出了水泥石有效孔隙率与总孔隙率关系的经验公式。然后将水泥石看成是一种由固体相和孔隙所组成的两相复合材料，建立了圆形单元细胞。采用推进前沿法尽可能准确地剖分单元细胞，然后应用有限元法获得水泥石氯离子扩散系数的数值解。最后，将数值结果与文献中试验数据进行比较，初步验证了二维数值方法预测氯离子扩散系数的有效性。     

Evaluation and modeling of benzalkonium chloride inhibition and biodegradation in activated sludge

The inhibitory effect and biodegradation of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a mixture of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides with different alkyl chain lengths, was investigated at a concentration range from 5 to 20 mg/L and different biomass concentrations in an activated sludge system. A solution containing glucose and mineral salts was used as the wastewater in all the assays performed. The inhibition of respiratory enzymes was identified as the mode of action of BAC as a result of oxygen uptake rate analysis performed at BAC concentrations ranging between 5 and 70 mg/L. The glucose degradation in the activated sludge at different BAC and biomass concentrations was well-described with Monod kinetics with competitive inhibition. The half-saturation inhibition constant (K_I) which is equivalent to EC₅₀ of BAC for the activated sludge tested ranged between 0.12 and 3.60 mg/L. The high K_I values were recorded at low BAC-to-biomass ratios, i.e. less than 10 mg BAC/g VSS, at which BAC was almost totally adsorbed to biomass and not bioavailable. BAC degradation started as soon as glucose was totally consumed. Although BAC was almost totally adsorbed on the biomass, it was degraded completely. Therefore, BAC degradation was modeled using two-phase biodegradation kinetics developed in this study. This model involves rapid partitioning of BAC to biomass and consecutive degradation in both aqueous and solid phases. The aqueous phase BAC degradation rate was twenty times, on average, higher than the solid phase degradation rate. The specific aqueous (k_I1) and solid (k_I2) phase BAC utilization rate constants were 1.25 and 0.31 mg BAC/g VSS h, respectively. The findings of this study would help to understand the reason of extensive distribution of quaternary ammonium compounds in wastewater treatment plant effluents and in natural water systems although QACs are biodegradable, and develop strategies to avoid their release and accumulation in the environment.